日本でも広がるコーヒー文化「サードウェーブコーヒー」

こんにちは。

日本でも「サードウェーブコーヒー」という言葉を、よく耳にするようになってきました。その新しい文化が一体どういったものなのかを歴史とともにご紹介します。

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サードウェーブコーヒーとは

サードウェーブコーヒーとは、アメリカの第3次コーヒー文化のことを指します。サードということで、過去には第一次・第二次のコーヒーカルチャーがありました。

ファーストウェーブ

ファーストウェーブとは、20世紀中頃～1970年代頃まで続いた大量生産・大量消費型のコーヒー文化のことを指します。

味や品質よりも経済の効率化に重点を置く文化で、一般家庭においても「アメリカンコーヒー」が大量に消費される時代でした。この時代では品質にこだわることがなかったので、一般家庭でのコーヒー離れが徐々にすすんでいきます。

セカンドウェーブ

http://www.wallsave.com/Photo by wallsave

そんなコーヒー離れがすすむ中で登場したのがセカンドウェーブ（第2の波）です。

第一次の波とは違って、コーヒーの「品質」にこだわるという文化が1980年代頃から登場します。値段や効率性よりも「味」を重視するようになり、高品質の豆やエスプレッソマシーンなどを使用し始めたのもこの時代です。

セカンドウェーブコーヒーを代表するお店が日本でも人気のある「スターバックスコーヒー」です。テイクアウトできるアメリカシアトル流のコーヒー文化が世界中に広がりました。

サードウェーブ

そして今まさに話題になっているのが、この「第三の波」であるサードウェーブコーヒーです。90年代後半に起こった、新しいコーヒー文化のことを指します。

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言葉だけとってみると、一過性のブームのようにも見えるかもしれないですが、「喫茶店」のマスターが淹れてくれたコーヒーを味わう文化がすでに確立している日本では、こういった流れは当然なのかもしれません。

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品質にこだわるのはもちろんですが、特徴としては、コーヒー農家と直接取引をしたり、豆の産地を重視したりと、豆の味を最大限にいかす淹れ方を追求するコーヒー文化のことを指します。

同じような店を大量に展開してきた既存のスタイルとは取って変わって、地域密着型の店作りが特徴的です。一杯ずつを丁寧にハンドドリップで淹れていきます。

大きく違うところは、従来型のブレンドコーヒーとは違って、単一種の苗木から収穫した豆だけを使用する「シングルオリジン」と呼ばれるスタイルであること。今までのようにブレンドせず、単一種の豆を使うことによって、品種本来の味を楽しむことができます。全体の流通量のたった5％しかない上質な豆を使うこともあるんだとか。

それでは日本にある注目のサードウェーブコーヒーをみていきましょう。

日本にあるサードウェーブコーヒー

THE COFFEESHOP（代官山）

coffeeshop

「いつもの日常に、ひとときの非日常を。」

THE COFFEESHOP（ザ・コーヒーショップ）は、コーヒーのセレクトショップです。複数のロースター（コーヒーの豆のを仕入れ、焙煎・卸売りする業者）のコーヒー豆をカッピングし、比較・検証した上で、豆をセレクトすることで、バラエティ豊かでエッジの効いたラインナップを実現しているのが特徴的。

・住所：〒150-0033東京都渋谷区猿楽町2-3
・アクセス：代官山駅.徒歩約7分／渋谷駅.徒歩約10分
・営業時間：12:00-19:00 （無休）※テイクアウトとスタンディングのみ
・TEL：03-6380-5811
・HP：THE COFFEESHOP

ONIBUS（奥沢）

onbus

「日常にとけ込んだ一杯、そんなコーヒーをお届けします。」

2012年1月27日に開業した、奥沢駅より徒歩1分のカフェです。

ONIBUS COFFEE（オニバスコーヒー）の「ONIBUS」は、ポルトガル語で「公共バス」「万人の為に」という語源を持つ言葉です。バス停からバス停へと人を繋いでいく日常。そんなバスのように人と人を繋ぐという思いを込めて、オニバスコーヒーと名付けられました。

・住所：東京都世田谷区奥沢5-1-4
・アクセス：東急目黒線奥沢駅徒歩１分
・営業時間：9:00～19:00（定休日は火曜日）
・TEL：03-6321-3283
・HP：オニバスコーヒー （ONIBUS COFFEE）

BE A GOOD NEIGHBOR COFFEE KIOSK（千駄ヶ谷）

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BE A GOOD NEIGHBOR COFFEE KIOSK（ビー・ア・グッド・ネイバー・コーヒーキオスク）は、2010年3月にオープンした立ち飲み＆テイクアウトスタンドのコーヒーショップです。

ランドスケーププロダクツがプロデュースしています。コーヒーの抽出法は、フレンチプレスとハンドドリップの二種類を用意。ドリッパーが変わっていて、鹿児島のセラミックメーカーとヴォアラ珈琲が共同開発したオリジナルになります。

kio02

千駄ヶ谷以外にも、六本木、東京スカイツリータウンにも展開しています。

・住所：東京都渋谷区千駄ヶ谷3-51-6
・アクセス：北参道駅から6分（徒歩）
・Tel：03-5770-3195
・営業時間：平日8:30～18:00、土祝11:30～17:00
・HP：BE A GOOD NEIGHBOR COFFEE KIOSK

FabCafe（渋谷）

fab

「クリエイターが毎日訪れ、誰でもカジュアルに参加できる」

新しいものづくりを体験できるカフェ「FabCafe」。

名前には「Fabrication（ものづくり）」「Fabulous（愉快な、素晴らしい）」の2つの意味が込められています。FabCafeの特徴は、カフェ中央に設置されたレーザーカッターです。店内のメニューや番号札なども、このレーザーカッターを使ってスタッフが自作しているというのも驚きです。

さらに、インターネット回線と電源を無料で開放していて、クリエイティブなコ・ワーキングスペースとしても利用できるのは嬉しいですね。

・住所：東京都渋谷区道玄坂 1-22-7 道玄坂ピア1F
・アクセス：神泉駅から218m
・営業時間：09:20～18:00（平日）11:00～18:00（土）
・TEL：03-6416-9190
・HP：FabCafe

Paddlers Coffee（渋谷）

pad01

「ありそうでなかった、美味しいコーヒーのある日常」

「Paddlers Coffee」は、2014年3月に参宮橋から明治神宮前に移転した、ポートランドを代表するロースター「Stumptown Coffee Roaster（スタンプタウンコーヒー）」の日本正規取り扱い第1号店です。ポートランドで焙煎した後すぐの新鮮な豆だけを使用しています。

pad02

・住所：東京都渋谷区神宮前6-18-14 (BC神宮前プロパティー2F)
・アクセス：明治神宮前駅から約7分（徒歩）
・営業時間：：11:00-19:00（Cafe time）／水〜金 18:00-23:00（Bar time）
・HP：Paddlers Coffee

Blue Bottle Coffee（予定）

そして最後は、アメリカ西海岸発祥の「Blue Bottle Coffee（ブルーボトルコーヒー）」です。2014年の間に日本でオープンするというプランが発表され、コーヒー好きの間で話題になりました。

blue02

コーヒー界の「Apple」という異名を持つコーヒーショップ。クラリネット演奏者だったジェームス・フリーマン氏が、2002年8月に自宅のガレージで始めたことがAppleと呼ばれる所以であるとか。

Twitterの創業者やGoogleも出資しているということもあり期待が高まります。

The Blue Bottle Craft of Coffee Book Trailer

・住所：東京都江東区平野1-4-8（予定）
・最寄り駅：清澄白河
・記事：Blue Bottle Coffee Confirms Tokyo Expansion

いかがでしたか？

クリエイティブなことを考えたり、味の良いコーヒーをゆったりと味わいたい方がいれば、ぜひ訪れてみてはいかがでしょうか。

スペシャルティ・コーヒー：生産国においての栽培管理、収穫、生産処理、選別そして品質管理が適正になされ、欠点豆の混入が極めて少ない生豆（日本スペシャルティコーヒー協会）

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